Hlau nplaum tsim lub zog sib nqus uas koj tsis tuaj yeem pom tab sis nws tuaj yeem xav txog nws cov khoom lag luam zoo li hlau, npib tsib xee, thiab cobalt. Cov neeg tau nyiam los ntawm cov hlau nplaum rau ntau pua xyoo. Thawj cov hlau nplaum, hu ua cov hlau nplaum, tau pom hauv tebchaws Greece, thiab txij thaum lawv tau ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab lub neej txhua hnub.
Tab sis lawv ua haujlwm li cas? Txhua yam nws los rau hauv lub cev. Lub zog tsis pom yog tsim ntawm ob yam khoom ua tsaug rau qee yam hu ua hluav taws xob. Tam sim no koj paub me ntsis txog cov hlau nplaum, cia dhia hauv thiab tshawb nrhiav seb cov khoom tsis zoo no cuam tshuam koj lub neej!
Cov hauv paus ntawm Magnetism
Magnetism yog qhov ntxim nyiam thiab lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyob rau peb lub neej txhua hnub. Qhov tshwm sim ntuj no yog mysterious thiab siv tau, los ntawm qhov pom sib nqus daim teb uas ib puag ncig lub ntiaj teb rau cov hlau nplaum yooj yim ntawm koj lub tub yees. Thoob plaws keeb kwm yav dhau los, nws tau ua tiav kev nce qib, kev nkag siab txuj ci keeb kwm kev nkag siab, thiab tseem ceeb siv tshuab. Yuav kom txaus siab rau qhov xav tsis thoob ntawm kev xav ntawm Magnetism, peb yuav tsum xub nkag siab nws yog dab tsi, nws ua haujlwm li cas, thiab nws tshwm sim qhov twg.
Magnetism yog dab tsi?
Magnetism yog ib qho ntawm cov rog, thiab nws tshwm sim los ntawm kev txav thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom, zoo li hluav taws xob. Tej zaum koj twb paub tias cov hlau nplaum ua haujlwm vim tias thaj av sib nqus me me hauv lawv lub teb, tsim cov liaj teb sib nqus puag ncig cov hlau nplaum.
Ib qho chaw sib nqus yog thaj chaw ib ncig ntawm cov hlau nplaum uas koj tuaj yeem hnov nws rub lossis thawb - nws txoj kev quab yuam. Xav hauv siab lawv zoo li cov raj ntawm lub teeb ci ntsa iab tawm ntawm ib sab ntawm cov hlau nplaum, sab qaum teb, khoov ib ncig ntawm txoj kab nkhaus kom rov qab mus rau sab qab teb. Yuav ua li cas muaj zog los yog tsim cov teb no yog nyob ntawm cov khoom thiab hom hlau nplaum, yog li txhua cov hlau nplaum uas koj tau sib txawv yuav txawv me ntsis.
Txhua cov hlau nplaum uas koj pom muaj ob tus ncej: ib sab North Ncej thiab South Ncej. Cov no yog cov ntu uas cov hlau nplaum muaj zog tshaj. Thaum koj nqa ob lub hlau nplaum sib ze sib txawv, lawv cov ncej tshwm sim. Koj yuav pom tias ncej rov qab rub ua ke (zoo li "North"), tab sis tib tus ncej "
Cov Hom Phiaj
Magnetism yog lub zog peb ntsib txhua hnub, tab sis tsis yog txhua tus hlau nplaum yog tib yam. Peb lub hom phiaj loj-ruaj khov, hluav taws xob, thiab cov hlau nplaum thiab siv thev naus laus zis ib ntus thiab siv thev naus laus zis, kev lag luam, thiab lub neej txhua hnub. Peb tshawb nrhiav seb lawv ua haujlwm li cas thiab qhov chaw uas lawv tau siv.
1. Cov hlau nplaum tas li
Koj tau pom cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov ua ntej cov tub yees ntawm koj lub tub yees. Cov hlau nplaum khaws lawv cov hlauetism dhau sijhawm. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo li hlau, npib tsib xee, thiab cobalt tuaj yeem sib tw mus tas li vim tias lawv cov qauv atomic tso cai rau lawv cov sib nqus lus kom haum.
2. Electromagnets
Koj puas paub tias hluav taws xob ua haujlwm li cas? Nws yooj yim! Koj nqa cov xaim, qhwv nws ib ncig ntawm tej yam sib nqus, thiab tom qab ntawd khiav hluav taws xob los ntawm cov hlau. Qhov no ua rau thaj chaw sib nqus. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws? Koj tuaj yeem tig lub tshuab hlau nplaum rau thiab tawm thaum twg koj xav tau.
3. Cov hlau nplaum ib ntus
Hlau nplaum yog cov khoom siv uas tsuas yog ua cov sib nqus thaum lawv nyob ze cov hlau nplaum. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj muab ib daig ntawm cov hlau nyob ze rau cov hlau nplaum, nws yuav tig sib nqus rau lub sijhawm luv luv vim tias nws cov hlau nplaum kab nce.
Sib Nqus Cov Ntaub Ntawv
Koj puas tau pom tias tsis yog txhua yam nyob ib puag ncig koj sib nqus? Tsuas yog qee cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem ua cov sib nqus, thiab nws nyob ntawm seb lawv cov atoms thiab hluav taws xob tau npaj.
1. Cov ntaub ntawv sib nqus
Cov ntaub ntawv zoo li hlau, npib tsib xee, thiab cobalt yuav tau sib nqus. Cov no yog hu ua cov ntaub ntawv ferromagnetic. Sab hauv lawv, pawg me me ntawm atoms, hu ua cov sib nqus thawj, kab nce los tsim cov khoom sib nqus muaj zog.
2. Cov ntaub ntawv tsis sib nqus
Yam zoo li ntoo, yas, thiab iav tsis tuaj yeem magnetized. Lawv cov atoms tsis tau npaj raws li txoj hauv kev los ua cov sib nqus nrog kab sib txawv, yog li lawv tsis txhob ua rau cov hlau nplaum.
Cov Hlau nplaum ua haujlwm li cas: kev tshawb fawb tom qab nws
Qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov hlau nplaum yog qhov txaus nyiam thiab ib qho nyuaj, tab sis nkag siab cov hauv paus tuaj yeem pab koj ua li cas lawv ua haujlwm. Ntawm no yog kev sib tawg ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:
1. Atomic qauv thiab Magnetism
Magnetism pib nrog cov nplais me me tau hu ua hluav taws xob. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob txav mus los nruab nrab ntawm ib qho nruab nrab ntawm ib qho atom thiab muaj qee yam hu ua "Rais," uas tsim cov teb me me. Thaum cov xim sib nqus me me no txhua qhov taw tes rau tib txoj kev taw qhia, lawv muab ua ke ua kom muaj kev sib nqus loj.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau, cov teb no yuav tsis tso ib qho, yog li koj tsis pom lawv. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv zoo li hlau, cov kab ke hauv tib txoj kev taw qhia, tsim cov kev sib nqus muaj zog uas koj tuaj yeem pom lossis xav tias.
2. Electromagnetism
Tej zaum koj yuav tsis paub nws, tab sis hluav taws xob thiab Magnetism yog txuas ze. Thaum hluav taws xob ntws los ntawm xaim, nws ua rau thaj teb sib nqus ncig nws. Qhov kev sib txuas no, piav qhia los ntawm Doyicist James Clerk Maxwell, yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus hauv lub nroog hluav taws xob, roj hluav taws xob, cov tshuab hluav taws xob, cov tshuab hluav taws xob, cov tshuab hluav taws xob, thiab tshuab hluav taws xob, thiab tshuab hluav taws xob Xav txog lwm zaus koj pom lub cev muaj zog khiav-Magnetism yog tom haujlwm!
3. Quantum Physics thiab Magnetism
Yog tias koj xav dhia sib sib zog nqus, koj tuaj yeem saib ntawm Magnetism los ntawm lub lens ntawm Quantum Physics. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj cov cuab yeej hu ua Quantum Tig, thiab thaum cov spins dlhab, koj tau txais sib nqus. Cov kws kho mob Richard Richard Feynman tau piav qhia tias kom nkag siab txog Magnetism, koj yuav tsum tshawb xyuas quanchanics thiab li cas electrons nyob hauv atomic orbitals.
Txawm hais tias ntau tshaj plaws yog quantum electrodynamics (muaj kev piav qhia tias yuav ua li cas sib cuam tshuam nrog cov sib sib sib nqus. Thaum koj tsis tas yuav txawj qed los siv cov hlau nplaum, nws yog qhov zoo nkauj los xav txog ntau npaum li cas kev tshawb fawb tau qhwv hauv qee yam yooj yim li cov hlau nplaum!
Cov ntawv thov ntawm Magnetism
Hlau nplaum yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub neej niaj hnub thiab tsav tsheb tom qab ntau txoj kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis. Los ntawm cov tsev neeg yooj yim rau cov txheej txheem muaj kev muaj kev lag luam zoo nkauj, Magnetism tau zoo li lub ntiaj teb thiab txuas ntxiv kev txhim kho tshiab kev tsim kho tshiab, siv tshuaj, thiab tsheb thauj mus los.
1. Txhua hnub siv
Hlau nplaum yog ib feem ntawm peb lub neej nyob txhua hnub ntau dua li qhov koj paub. Hlau hlau nplaum yog qhov yooj yim tseem tsis tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, cov ntawv, lossis khoom lag luam, thiab tus kheej kov rau koj chav ua noj. Compasses, cov cuab yeej uas tau siv rau ntau pua xyoo, vam khom rau lub ntiaj teb sib nqus los pab koj nrhiav koj txoj hauv kev los ntawm ib txwm taw qhia sab qaum teb. Txawm tias cov khoom ua si sib nqus, zoo li cov khoom sib nqus tsev lossis cov nyom, siv cov khoom sib dhos yooj yim los muab cov sij hawm lom zem thiab muaj tswv yim ua si rau cov menyuam.
2. Muaj cov ntawv thov
Hlau nplaum ua ib lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau kev lag luam thiab thev naus laus zis. Cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis suav nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, vam khom cov hlau nplaum kom hloov hluav taws xob rau hauv lub zog siv tshuab. Ib yam li ntawd, cov tshuab hluav taws xob siv cov hlau nplaum kom hloov cov hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob, muab lub zog rau tsev, lag luam, thiab kev lag luam. Hauv tshuaj, hlau nplaum yog indispensable hauv MRI (cov duab sib nqus uas muaj zog sib xyaw ua ke tsim cov duab sib nqus ntawm tib neeg lub cev los pab hauv kev kuaj mob.
3. Cov Ntawv Thov Qib Siab
Cov hlau nplaum tseem ua rau qee cov thev naus laus zis feem ntau hauv ntiaj teb. Hauv particle accelerators, cov hlau nplaum tau siv los coj thiab tswj txoj kev ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo, tau pab hauv kev tshawb fawb hauv kev tshawb fawb. Lub tsheb ciav hlau Maglev, yog Marvel ntawm cov engineering niaj hnub, siv cov hlau nplaum niaj hnub los nqa lub tsheb ciav hlau saum toj no, tshem tawm kev sib txhuam thiab ua kom du, thiab lub zog-txuag. Cov kev siv tshiab no ntawm cov hlau nplaum tseem ua kom thawb cov ciaj ciam ntawm dab tsi ua tau hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis.
Qhov tsis paub ntawm Magnetism
Nws yog ntuj los xav tias yog vim li cas hlau nplaum nyiam lossis repel sib. Thaum lub tsev physicists tau tsim kev nkag siab tob ntawm Magnetism, qee qhov tseem ceeb dua. Piv txwv li cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tshawb nrhiav tias cov khoom siv kho txhua yam cuam tshuam cov khoom loj, pom ntawm cov hlau nplaum.
Cov lus nug uas tsis muaj cov lus nug
1. Vim li cas cov ntaub ntawv ib yam li cov hlau nplaum ib txwm muaj zog?
2. Magnetism cuam tshuam li cas nrog lwm cov rog tseem ceeb ntawm xwm?
3. Peb puas tuaj yeem tsim cov ntaub ntawv nrog txawm muaj zog sib nqus cov khoom?
Cov no yog hom lus nug uas ceev kev tshawb fawb tsav tsheb thiab kev tsim kho tshiab.
Tag
Hlau nplaum yog qhov sib xyaw zoo nkauj ntawm txhua hnub thiab qhov txawv tshaj plaw. Lawv ua raws li cov ntsiab cai uas muaj los ntawm cov physics classical rau ntau lub ntiaj teb ntawm hluav taws xob thiab spins. Txawm hais tias koj siv hlau nplaum los tuav koj tus menyuam txoj kev kos duab ntawm lub tub yees lossis tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm Magnetism, lub zog tsis pom yog ib feem ntawm koj lub neej nyob rau hauv suav tsis txheeb.
Thaum tsis yog txhua yam ntawm Magnetism tau nkag siab tag nrho, peb txoj kev paub cia koj txoj kev ua txhaum rau qhov kev thov zoo kawg rau txhua yam kev siv. Yog li lwm zaus koj xav tias yog cov hlau nplaum lo rau hauv cov xim hlau, siv sijhawm ib pliag kom txaus siab rau kev tshawb fawb amazing tom qab nws.
Cov Lus Nug
1. Dab tsi yog qhov sib nqus thiab nws tsim li cas?
Lub chaw sib nqus yog thaj chaw ib ncig ntawm cov hlau nplaum uas cov hlau nplaum tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom. Tej zaum koj yuav pom tias nws pab tau los xav txog nws ua ib lub chaw tsis pom kev. Sib nqus teb tau tsim thaum hluav taws xob txav, tshwj xeeb yog thaum muaj hluav taws xob hluav taws xob lossis raug them siab hauv cov lus tsa suab. Nws yog txhua yam khi rau cov ntsiab cai ntawm electromagnetism thiab physics.
2. Vim li cas cov hlau nplaum lo rau qee yam khoom?
Hlau nplaum lo rau cov khoom uas muaj cov khoom sib nqus xws li hlau. Thaum koj coj cov hlau nplaum kaw rau cov khoom siv no, nws cov kab sib nqus kab ua ke nrog cov hlau nplaum hauv cov khoom, rub lawv ua ke. Cov txheej txheem no nthuav cov kev nyiam sib nqus, ua rau nws "lo." Nws yog vim li cas qee cov khoom nyiam cov hlau nplaum, thaum lwm tus tsis ua.
3. Yuav ua li cas ob tus ncej ntawm cov hlau nplaum coj?
Txhua cov hlau nplaum koj siv yuav muaj ob tus ncej: ib lub North Ncej thiab South Ncej. Ntawm no yog qhov lawv coj li cas: zoo li ncej (sab qaum teb sab qaum teb lossis sab qab teb) repel ib leeg, thaum rov hais ib tug ncej (sab qaum teb sab qab teb) nyiam. Yog tias koj tau pom lub rub lossis thawb ntawm ob lub hlau nplaum, koj tab tom ntsib kev sib cuam tshuam no. Cov ncej yog qhov chaw sib nqus tau muaj zog tshaj.
4. Lub pob hluav taws xob ua haujlwm nrog lub ntiaj teb sib nqus?
Thaum koj siv lub koob qhia, koob yees nrog lub ntiaj teb sib nqus. Lub ntiaj teb nws tus kheej ua zoo li lub hlau nplaum loj heev ua tsaug rau nws cov molten hlau tub ntxhais. Lub rab koob, uas yog cov hlau nplaum me me, rov qab ua teb rau daim teb no thiab taw mus rau cov hlau nplaum North Ncej. Nws yog txoj kev yooj yim tab sis muaj kev pab kom pab koj nrhiav koj cov kev taw qhia.
5. Muaj peev xwm sib nqus sib xyaw nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau hluav taws xob?
Yog lawm, yog tias koj tau xav dua, cov teb sib nqus tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Qhov kev sib txuam no tsim hluav taws xob teb thiab ua lub tshuab hluav taws xob txav tau zoo li cas thiab cov hlau nplaum sib txawv ntawm cov nplai me me. Cov ntsiab cai no tseem pab tau ntau yam tshwm sim niaj hnub uas koj ntsib hluav taws xob nrog hluav taws xob thiab Magnetism.