I. Kev Taw Qhia
Cov hlau nplaum yog cov khoom zoo nkauj uas tau siv rau ntau pua xyoo hauv ntau hom kev siv. Los ntawm cov hlau nplaum fridge mus rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob, cov hlau nplaum ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv peb lub neej txhua hnub. Tab sis cov hlau nplaum ua haujlwm li cas? Hauv tsab ntawv blog no, peb yuav tshawb nrhiav kev tshawb fawb tom qab cov hlau nplaum thiab muab qee qhov piv txwv ntawm lawv siv.
II. Sib nqus teb
Hauv plawv ntawm cov hlau nplaum yog cov hlau nplaum, uas yog tsim los ntawm kev txav hluav taws xob. Thaum lub zog hluav taws xob txav mus, nws tsim ib lub voj voog sib nqus nyob ib ncig ntawm nws. Cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub magnetic teb yog perpendicular mus rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm tus nqi hluav taws xob lub zog, thiab lub zog ntawm lub magnetic teb nyob ntawm qhov ceev thiab kev taw qhia ntawm tus nqi. Ntau cov nqi hluav taws xob txav mus rau tib qho kev taw qhia tsim kom muaj zog hlau nplaum ntau dua li ib tus nqi.
Sib nqus teb sib cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg thiab nrog lwm yam khoom hauv ntau txoj hauv kev. Piv txwv li, thaum ob lub hlau nplaum raug coj los ze rau ib leeg, lawv cov hlau nplaum sib cuam tshuam thiab tuaj yeem nyiam los yog sib ntaus sib tua, nyob ntawm qhov taw qhia ntawm lawv cov ncej.
III. Sib Nqus Ncej
Txhua lub hlau nplaum muaj ob tug ncej, hu ua tus ncej qaum teb thiab sab qab teb ncej. Cov ncej no muaj cov khoom sib nqus sib nqus, nrog rau sab qaum teb ncej tau attracted rau sab qab teb ncej ntawm lwm cov hlau nplaum thiab vice versa. Cov ncej sab nraud nyiam, thaum zoo li cov ncej tawm.
Lub zog ntawm cov hlau nplaum hlau nplaum yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm nws cov ncej thiab maj mam txo qis thaum koj txav deb ntawm lawv. Sib nqus teb kuj tseem tuaj yeem pom tau siv cov kab sib nqus, uas qhia cov kev taw qhia thiab lub zog ntawm daim teb. Cov kab no ib txwm tsim cov voj voog kaw thiab tsis txhob hla ib leeg.
IV. Cov khoom siv hlau nplaum
Tsis yog txhua yam khoom siv yog hlau nplaum, tab sis qee cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov khoom sib nqus uas tso cai rau lawv cuam tshuam los ntawm cov hlau nplaum. Hom hlau nplaum feem ntau yog cov hlau nplaum ferromagnetic, uas yog ua los ntawm hlau, npib tsib xee, cobalt, los yog sib xyaw ntawm cov hlau no. Cov ntaub ntawv ferromagnetic muaj zog txaus nyiam cov hlau nplaum thiab tuaj yeem sib nqus lawv tus kheej los ntawm kev muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw sib nqus.
Lwm yam khoom siv hlau nplaum muaj xws li cov ntaub ntawv paramagnetic, uas tsis muaj zog txaus nyiam rau cov hlau nplaum, thiab cov khoom siv diamagnetic, uas yog repelled los ntawm cov hlau nplaum. Cov ntaub ntawv no tsis yog siv los ua cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem siv rau ntau yam kev siv, xws li hauv MRI cov cav tov los tsim cov duab ntawm lub cev sab hauv.
V. Kev siv cov hlau nplaum
Cov hlau nplaum yog siv ntau yam khoom siv niaj hnub, los ntawm cov hlau nplaum fridge mus rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv ntawm kev siv cov hlau nplaum:
Fridge Magnets: Cov hlau nplaum me me, cov hlau nplaum zoo nkauj uas siv los tuav cov ntawv thiab sau ntawv hauv lub tub yees.
Cov neeg hais lus: Lub diaphragm ntawm tus neeg hais lus txuas nrog cov hlau nplaum, thiab thaum lub teeb liab hluav taws xob xa mus los ntawm tus neeg hais lus, lub diaphragm vibrates thiab tsim suab nthwv dej.
Lub cev muaj zog: Lub tshuab hluav taws xob siv lub tshuab nqus hlau los tsim cov lus tsa suab. Lub cev muaj zog muaj stator (stationary part) thiab rotor (rotating part) uas yog ob qho tib si magnetized. Thaum siv hluav taws xob tam sim no, cov hlau nplaum ntawm lub stator cuam tshuam nrog cov hlau nplaum ntawm lub rotor, ua rau nws tig.
Maglev tsheb ciav hlau: Qee lub tsheb ciav hlau siv cov hlau nplaum sib nqus (maglev) kom ntab saum cov lem, txo kev sib txhuam thiab tso cai rau kom nrawm dua.
VI. Xaus
Cov hlau nplaum yog ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm lub zog ntawm electromagnetism. Los ntawm kev nkag siab tias cov hlau nplaum thiab cov ncej ua haujlwm li cas, peb tuaj yeem ua tau zoo dua rau ntau txoj hauv kev uas cov hlau nplaum siv hauv peb lub neej txhua hnub. Los ntawm cov hlau nplaum yooj yim fridge rau cov khoom siv kho mob nyuaj, cov hlau nplaum ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam ntawm lub neej niaj hnub.