Sib nqus teb siv H
Magnetic field intensity H yog qhov tseeb ntawm lub cev tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus. Thaum tib neeg txhais nws ua ntej, lawv xav tias muaj xws li cov khoom sib nqus, tab sis tom qab ntawd lawv pom tias qhov no tsis muaj. Nws tsuas yog sab nraud ntawm cov hluav taws xob tam sim no. Nyob rau hauv lub 1820s nyob deb, cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua ib tug series ntawm revolutionary discoveries, uas qhib lub niaj hnub txoj kev xav ntawm magnetism. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 1820, Danish physicist Hans Oersted tau tshawb pom tias tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov xaim nqa tam sim no yuav ua rau lub zog ntawm rab koob sib nqus, ua rau rab koob sib nqus mus rau hauv kev coj. (Oersted sim-magnetic nyhuv ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no) Lub Cuaj Hli, tsuas yog ib lub lim tiam tom qab cov xov xwm tuaj txog ntawm Fab Kis Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb, Ampere tau ua tiav qhov kev sim los qhia tias yog cov dej ntws ntws mus rau tib qho kev taw qhia, ob qho tib si tam sim no-nqa. xov hlau yuav nyiam ib leeg; txwv tsis pub, yog tias cov lus qhia ntws rov qab, lawv yuav tawm tsam ib leeg. Xyoo 1825, Ampere tau luam tawm Ampere txoj cai, uas yog ib txoj cai hais txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov tam sim no thiab cov hlau nplaum flux kab ntawm lub magnetic teb zoo siab los ntawm tam sim no.
Los ntawm kev ntsuas txhua yam, nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias "magnetic field" lub zog xav tau los ntawm rab koob sib nqus yog tib yam rau cov ntsiab lus nrog qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov xaim ntev, thiab "magnetic field" lub zog ntawm cov ntsiab lus nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv yog inversely proportional rau. qhov deb. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, peb txhais lub cev kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm magnetic teb zog H los ntawm kev ntsuas txhua yam thiab tam sim no siv. Nws chav tsev yog ampere / meter A / m. Hauv Gaussian unit system, chav tsev ntawm H yog Oe Oersted, 1A / m=4π × 10-3Oe. Muaj ntau cov lus piav qhia txog lub zog hlau nplaum H. Peb tuaj yeem nkag siab H raws li qhov chaw sib nqus sab nraud (analogous rau lub zog hluav taws xob, piv txwv li, siv tam sim no I los thov cov hlau nplaum H rau ib qho khoom). Sib nqus induction intensity B Sib nqus teb lub zog yog tsuas yog magnetic teb muab los ntawm ib tug sab nraud tam sim no. Rau cov ntaub ntawv ferromagnetic nyob rau hauv magnetic teb, ntxiv rau kev cuam tshuam los ntawm sab nraud magnetic teb H, cov hais nyob rau hauv cov khoom yuav kuj tsim ib tug induced magnetic teb nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm sab nraud magnetic teb.
Sib nqus induction siv B
Sib nqus induction intensity B qhia tau hais tias ib tug particle "xav" tag nrho magnetic teb, uas yog cov sum ntawm sab nraud magnetic teb H thiab induced magnetic teb M nyob rau lub sij hawm no. Hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev, qhov sib nqus induction siv yog proportional rau sab nraud magnetic teb, uas yog, B{{0}}μ0H, qhov twg μ0 yog qhov sib nqus permeability ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum. lub tshuab nqus tsev. Qhov sib nqus induction siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom ferromagnetic yog B=μ0(H+M), uas yog, tag nrho cov magnetic teb yog sib npaug rau μ0 multiplied los ntawm cov sum ntawm "cov magnetic teb H tsim los ntawm qhov tam sim no" ntxiv rau "magnetic teb M generated los ntawm nruab nrab yog magnetized los ntawm H". Chav tsev ntawm B yog Tesla T, thiab chav nyob hauv Gaussian chav tsev yog Gauss Gs, 1T=10KGs. Qhov sib nqus induction siv yog qhov tiag "magnetic field intensity" ntawm cov hlau nplaum. Tseem, vim H tau raug hu ua magnetic field siv hauv keeb kwm, B tsuas tuaj yeem muab lwm lub npe hu ua magnetic induction intensity. B thiab H ob leeg xa mus rau "magnetic field intensity", tab sis vim yog cov ntsiab lus sib txawv thiab cov txheej txheem derivation, lawv cov units txawv (hauv Gaussian system, chav tsev ntawm B yog Gauss Gs, thiab chav tsev ntawm H yog Oersted Oe, 1Oe＝ 1 × 10-4Wb·m-2*1×{14}}T＝1Gs). Qhov sib nqus qhov sib nqus H yog qhov sib nqus ntawm qhov chaw virtual. Nws tsis coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Nws tsom mus rau kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov magnetic teb thiab tam sim no uas generates magnetic teb. Qhov sib nqus induction siv B txiav txim siab lub zog ntawm qhov kawg sib nqus teb tom qab ntxiv cov teeb meem tiag tiag rau qhov chaw virtual magnetic teb H. Nws tsom rau qhov tseeb sib nqus teb lub zog ntawm qhov teeb meem.
Sib nqus siv M
Peb tsuas yog hais txog qhov sib nqus sib nqus M, uas yog induced magnetic teb generated los ntawm cov hais nyob rau hauv cov khoom nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm sab nraud magnetic teb. Niaj hnub nimno physics tau ua pov thawj tias txhua lub electron nyob rau hauv lub atom yog orbiting thiab spinning nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nucleus, thiab ob qho tib si ntawm cov kev txav no ua rau muaj zog sib nqus. Yog hais tias lub molecule raug suav hais tias yog tag nrho, qhov sib npaug ntawm cov teebmeem sib nqus tsim los ntawm txhua lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv cov molecule tuaj yeem qhia los ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm lub voj voog tam sim no. Qhov sib npaug tam sim no yog hu ua molecular tam sim no.
