Cov hlau nplaum yog cov khoom uas muaj qhov sib nqus, uas nyiam cov hlau thiab lwm yam hlau nplaum. Muaj plaub yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau nplaum: ruaj khov, ib ntus, electromagnets, thiab cov hlau nplaum ntuj.
Cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov
Cov hlau nplaum tas mus li yog hom hlau nplaum feem ntau. Lawv tuaj yeem khaws lawv cov khoom sib nqus mus tas li yam tsis muaj lub zog sab nraud. Piv txwv li cov hlau nplaum tub yees thiab cov hlau nplaum ceramic.
Cov hlau nplaum tas mus li, uas tuaj yeem yog cov khoom ntuj tsim, tseem hu ua ntuj lodestones, lossis tsim khoom tsim (cov hlau nplaum muaj zog tshaj plaws yogneodymium hlau nplaum), muaj qhov dav hysteresis loops, siab coercivity, siab remanence, thiab cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj peev xwm tuav tas li hlau nplaum ib zaug magnetized. Hauv kev siv, cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov ua haujlwm hauv qhov sib nqus sib nqus nqus thiab qhov thib ob quadrant demagnetization ib feem ntawm lub voj voog magnetosphere tom qab magnetization. Cov hlau nplaum tas mus li yuav tsum muaj kev sib zog siab Hc, remanence Br, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab tshaj plaws (BH) m li sai tau los xyuas kom meej qhov siab tshaj plaws sib nqus zog cia thiab ruaj khov hlau nplaum.
Muaj ob peb hom ntawm cov hlau nplaum tas mus li
1. Neodymium hlau nplaum
Neodymium hlau nplaumyog cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov ntawm neodymium, hlau, boron, thiab lwm yam. Lawv muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib nqus siab heev thiab lub zog quab yuam thiab yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hlau nplaum ruaj khov tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.
2. SmCo Magnets
SmCo hlau nplaumyog ib hom khoom siv hlau nplaum uas tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb, ua los ntawm samarium (Sm) thiab cobalt (Co) ua cov khoom tseem ceeb, los ntawm cov txheej txheem hmoov metallurgy. Nws muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib nqus siab, siab coercive quab yuam, thiab zoo kub stability, cia nws tswj cov khoom sib nqus zoo hauv qhov kub thiab txias.
3. AlNiCo Magnets
AlNiCo hlau nplaumyog tsim los ntawm spherical ntsiab. Cov khoom siv no yog siv los ua cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov vim nws lub zog quab yuam siab thiab cov khoom sib nqus zoo. Cov hlau alloy muaj xws li txhuas (Al), npib tsib xee (Ni), cobalt (Co) hlau, thiab lwm yam kab kub.
4. Sintered Ferrites
Sintered ferrites yog ib hom khoom sib nqus ua los ntawm sintering hlau oxide (feem ntau yog Fe₂O₃) thiab lwm yam hlau oxides (xws li BaO, SrO, thiab lwm yam) los ntawm cov txheej txheem ceramic. Nws belongs rau cov khoom siv hlau nplaum nyuaj, muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib nqus siab thiab lub zog quab yuam, thiab tuaj yeem tswj cov hlau nplaum tom qab lub zog tsis ua haujlwm.
5. Roj hmab Magnet
A roj hmab hlau nplaumyog ib qho mos mos, elastic, thiab twistable hlau nplaum ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov khoom sib nqus hmoov (xws li ferrite lossis NdFeB) nrog cov khoom siv tau yooj yim xws li roj hmab lossis yas thiab tom qab ntawd extruding, calendering, txhaj tshuaj molding, thiab lwm yam txheej txheem. Nws tso cai rau nws ua tiav rau hauv ntau yam duab thiab ntau thiab tsawg thiab muaj qee yam elasticity thiab softness.
Cov txheej txheem hlau nplaum tas mus li kev faib tawm
1. Bonded NdFeB
Bonded NdFeB yog cov hlau nplaum tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw NdFeB sib nqus hmoov thiab cov ntawv khi los ntawm kev sib xyaw molding lossis txhaj tshuaj molding. Bonded hlau nplaum muaj qhov tseeb qhov tseeb thiab tuaj yeem ua rau hauv cov khoom sib nqus nrog cov duab sib txawv. Lawv kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib-lub sij hawm molding thiab multi-ncej orientation.
2. Sintered NdFeB
Sintered NdFeB yog cov khoom siv hlau nplaum ua haujlwm ruaj khov, feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj Nd, kev hloov hlau hlau, thiab cov khoom tsis yog xim hlau boron. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem hmoov metallurgy, nrog rau cov kauj ruam ntawm kev sib xyaw, melting, crushing, nias, sintering, thiab kev kho cua sov ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv ib qho kev faib ua feem. Sintered NdFeB muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib nqus siab heev, siab remanence, thiab siab coercivity, thiab yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hlau nplaum muaj zog tshaj plaws tam sim no.
3. Txhaj Moulded NdFeB
Txhaj-pwm NdFeB yog ib qho tshwj xeeb NdFeB cov khoom siv hlau nplaum ruaj khov uas ua ke nrog qhov zoo ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj molding tshuab thiab NdFeB cov khoom sib nqus. Cov khoom no yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw NdFeB magnetic hmoov nrog siab molecular polymer thiab tom qab ntawd ua ntau yam sib nqus zoo li qhov sib nqus los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj molding txheej txheem. Txhaj-pwm NdFeB tsis tsuas yog khaws cov khoom sib nqus siab ntawm NdFeB tab sis kuj muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion.
Permanent Magnet Application Field
Cov hlau nplaum tas mus li muaj ntau yam kev siv thiab muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tswj cov hlau nplaum, yog li lawv tau siv dav hauv ntau lub teb, npog ntau yam kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam.
Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam xws li electronics, hluav taws xob, machinery, tsheb thauj mus los, kev kho mob, thiab cov khoom siv txhua hnub. Xws li cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov ntawm cov neeg hais lus thiab cov neeg txais xov tooj; magnetic system ntawm magnetoelectric meters; cov hlau nplaum hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob thiab cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov; Cov khoom siv sib nqus mus tas li siv hauv kev tsim khoom siv tshuab (xws li cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov rau cov khoom sib nqus, thiab lwm yam) thiab cov tshuab magnetic ncua kev kawm, sib nqus bearings; Sib nqus sib cais systems, sib nqus ore sib cais, sib nqus dej purification systems, magnetrons, magnetic systems ntawm proton accelerators, thiab lwm yam.
Temporary Magnets
Cov hlau nplaum ib ntus, tseem hu ua cov khoom sib nqus mos lossis cov hlau nplaum ib ntus, cov hlau nplaum ib ntus yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ferromagnetic uas tuaj yeem sib nqus rau lub sijhawm luv luv nrog cov hlau nplaum sab nraud tab sis yuav plam nws cov khoom sib nqus thaum lub teb sab nraud raug tshem tawm. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev coercivity qis (piv txwv li, tsis muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv demagnetization), yog li lawv lub xeev sib nqus tuaj yeem hloov pauv tau yooj yim nrog kev hloov pauv hauv cov xwm txheej sab nraud. Cov hlau nplaum ib ntus muaj xws li cov rau tes thiab cov ntawv clips, uas tuaj yeem khaws lossis txav tau nrog cov hlau nplaum muaj zog.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm Temporary Magnets
1. Tsawg coercivity: yooj yim rau magnetized thiab yooj yim demagnetized.
2. High magnetic permeability: muaj peev xwm coj tau zoo thiab mloog zoo rau cov hlau nplaum.
3. Tsawg remanence: Thaum sab nraud magnetic teb raug tshem tawm, qhov remanence (residual magnetism) tsawg heev.
4. Zoo conductivity: Qee cov khoom siv hlau nplaum ib ntus kuj muaj cov conductivity zoo.
Hauv dab tsi teb tuaj yeem siv cov hlau nplaum ib ntus
Cov hlau nplaum ib ntus muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv kev lag luam, cov cuab yeej siv, thiab lub neej txhua hnub, feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov tshuab electromagnets, transformers thiab inductors, sensors thiab ntsuas cov cuab yeej, tsheb thiab aerospace, khoom siv kho mob, thiab lwm yam.
Hluav taws xob
Electromagnets yog cov hlau nplaum ib ntus uas tsim los ntawm kev xa hluav taws xob los ntawm ib lub coil ntawm cov hlau los tsim cov hlau nplaum muaj zog. Hom hlau nplaum no yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob, xws li hluav taws xob motors thiab hais lus. Nws muaj ib tug coil thiab ib tug hlau core. Ib tug conductive winding txuam nws lub hwj chim yog raug mob nyob ib ncig ntawm sab nraum ntawm lub hlau core. Qhov no coil nrog tam sim no ntws los ntawm nws yog sib nqus zoo li cov hlau nplaum. Nws tseem hu ua electromagnet. Thaum tam sim no dhau los ntawm lub kauj, ib qho chaw sib nqus yog tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm cov tub ntxhais hlau, ua rau cov electromagnet sib nqus. Peb feem ntau ua nws rau hauv ib lub bar lossis hoof zoo li ua rau cov tub ntxhais hlau yooj yim dua rau magnetize. Tsis tas li ntawd, ua kom cov electromagnet demagnetize tam sim ntawd thaum lub hwj chim kaw, peb feem ntau siv cov hlau mos los yog silicon steel cov ntaub ntawv nrog ceev demagnetization kom nws. Xws li electromagnet yog sib nqus thaum lub hwj chim qhib, thiab cov hlau nplaum ploj tom qab lub hwj chim raug tua.
Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm ntawm Electromagnet
Faraday txoj cai lij choj ntawm electromagnetic induction hais tias thaum cov hlau nplaum sib nqus dhau los ntawm lub voj voog, lub zog hluav taws xob raug tsim tawm hauv lub voj. Nyob rau hauv ib tug electromagnet, thaum tam sim no dhau los ntawm ib lub kauj, nws generates ib magnetic teb. Qhov no magnetic teb cuam tshuam nrog cov tub ntxhais hlau, ua rau cov tub ntxhais hlau yuav tsum magnetized.
Tom qab cov tub ntxhais hlau yog hlau nplaum, nws dhau los ua cov hlau nplaum ib ntus nrog rau sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb ncej. Lub zog ntawm cov hlau nplaum yog nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm qhov tam sim no, tus naj npawb ntawm lem ntawm lub kauj, thiab cov khoom thiab cov duab ntawm cov tub ntxhais.
Thaum lub hauv paus ntawm lub electromagnet yog magnetized, nws attracts los yog repels lwm yam khoom sib nqus. Cov hlau nplaum ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm kev tswj lub rau thiab tawm ntawm qhov tam sim no. Thaum tam sim no nres, lub magnetic teb ploj thiab cov tub ntxhais loses nws cov hlau nplaum.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm electromagnet yog ua raws li kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm qhov tam sim no thiab qhov chaw sib nqus. Qhov kev cuam tshuam no ua rau cov hlau nplaum ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau daim ntawv thov, xws li electromagnetic cranes, motors, relays, solenoid li qub, thiab lwm yam.
Dab tsi Electromagnets Muaj nyob hauv Lub Neej?
Muaj ntau lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv peb lub neej, dav siv hauv electromagnetic cranes, electromagnetic locks, electromagnetic relays, solenoid li qub, hais lus, hluav taws xob cov khoom ua si, maglev tsheb ciav hlau, generators, xov tooj, automation tswj khoom, ntim machinery, khoom siv kho mob, khoom noj khoom haus machinery, textile machinery. , lwm.
Electromagnets ua tiav ntau yam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm kev tswj hwm qhov kev siv ntawm tam sim no thiab sib nqus teb, xws li kev nyiam thiab tshem tawm cov khoom hlau, thiab paub txog kev txav ntawm cov khoom siv xws li linear zog, kev sib hloov, thiab viav vias, thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub thiab lub neej.
Ntuj Magnets
Cov hlau nplaum ntuj yog cov uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej thiab tuaj yeem pom hauv cov hlau ore deposits. Lawv kuj raug hu ua lodestones lossis magnetite. Lawv tuaj yeem nyiam cov hlau nplaum xws li hlau, npib tsib xee, thiab cobalt. Lawv pom nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no thiab feem ntau muaj zog hlau nplaum. Cov hlau nplaum ntuj yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hlau nplaum thaum ntxov uas pom thiab siv los ntawm tib neeg.
Cov hlau nplaum ntuj tau tshawb pom thiab siv los ntawm cov neeg thaum ub thiab muaj cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb. Piv txwv li, cov suav suav thaum ub siv cov hlau nplaum ntawm cov hlau nplaum ntuj los qhia kev taw qhia.
Tsis zoo li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov hlau nplaum ntawm cov hlau nplaum ntuj yog txiav txim siab los ntawm lawv cov qauv hauv atomic thiab kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob, thiab tsis tas yuav muaj hluav taws xob sab nraud los tswj cov hlau nplaum. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hlau nplaum ntawm cov hlau nplaum ntuj yog qhov tsis muaj zog thiab feem ntau tsis muaj zog thiab kho tau zoo li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Txawm hais tias feem ntau cov hlau nplaum siv hauv cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no yog cov khoom siv dag zog, cov hlau nplaum ntuj tseem siv tau hauv qee qhov chaw, xws li hauv qee hom kev kawm thiab kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb, khoom siv tes ua thiab kho kom zoo nkauj, cov khoom siv sib nqus, thiab lwm yam los ua kom pom lub tswv yim ntawm cov hlau nplaum.
Raws li cov khoom siv hlau nplaum thaum ub, cov hlau nplaum ntuj tsis tsuas yog muaj txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm tab sis tseem muaj qee yam kev siv nyiaj hauv lub neej niaj hnub no. Txawm hais tias lawv lub zog sib nqus tsis muaj zog npaum li niaj hnub hluavtaws cov hlau nplaum, lawv cov kev zoo nkauj ntuj thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm keeb kwm tau ua rau lawv qhov chaw hauv kev kawm, kev tshawb fawb, thiab kos duab.
Xaus
Cov plaub hom hlau nplaum no txhua tus muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb thiab kev siv, tso cai rau lawv siv rau ntau yam kev siv sib txawv. Txawm hais tias koj tab tom nrhiav rau cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov, cov hlau nplaum ib ntus, electromagnet, lossis cov hlau nplaum ntuj, nws yuav tsum yog ib qho uas ua tau raws li koj xav tau!