Ib daim teb sib nqus yog qhov pom tau lub cev uas tsis pom zoo los ntawm kev sib nqus hluav taws xob, cov ntaub ntawv sib nqus, lossis hloov cov khoom hluav taws xob, uas tuaj yeem siv hluav taws xob lossis cov nqi hluav taws xob. Nws yog daim teb vector nrog qhov sib zog thiab kev taw qhia, thiab feem ntau ntsuas ntawm kev sib tw ua ntu zus. Lub teb sib nqus ncig ntawm cov hlau nplaum nyiam cov ntawv filings, thaum lub thawv sib nqus ncig lub pob zeb tam sim no tuaj yeem deflecting ib rab koob. Lub tshav sib nqus muaj feem xyuam rau hluav taws xob teb, thiab hloov chaw hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tsim cov pob zeb sib nqus (Maxwell cov equations ntawm hluav taws xob qhov xwm txheej ntawm hluav taws xob.
Keeb kwm ntawm daim teb sib nqus
Lub tshav sib nqus yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub cev los ntawm kev txav ntawm hluav taws xob cov nqi hluav taws xob lossis hluav taws xob uas hloov sijhawm. Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov teb sib nqus tau ib txwm yog lub ncauj lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb rau cov kws tshawb fawb. Nws muaj feem xyuam rau peb nkag siab txog lub cev lub ntiaj teb thiab tuaj yeem nkag siab ntawm ob qho tib si microscopic thiab macroscopic.
Micro Theem
Sib nqus teb pib los ntawm cov lus tsa suab ntawm cov nplai thiab noob qe neeg kho tshuab ntawm qib me me. Quantum Electrodynamics qhia tau hais tias cov kiv cua ntawm cov nplai them ua kom tsim cov khoom sib nqus me me. Thaum cov sij hawm sib nqus no tau xaj kom muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho khoom siv, cov khoom siv ua pov thawj macroscopic magnetism. Ib qho ntxiv, cov lus taw qhia dawb ntawm cov neeg hluav taws xob dawb hauv tus thawj coj tsim lub ntsej muag sib nqus hluav taws xob raws li kab mob biot-savart. Ntawm qib tob, qhov sib nqus yog ib feem ntawm cov teb hluav taws xob thiab, ua ke nrog hluav taws xob teb, nws tsim cov lus piav qhia ntawm hluav taws xob.
Macro qib
Ib daim teb sib nqus yog cov kev taw qhia nrog kev taw qhia thiab qhov ntau, thiab nws cov khoom xa tuaj yeem tau piav qhia los ntawm kev sib nqus cov kab flux. Lub ntiaj teb sib nqus teb yog cov macroscopic sib nqus, thaum xub thawj ntawm cov kua hlau-Nickel thoob hauv lub ntiaj teb. Hauv chav sib nqus astrophysics, cov teb sib nqus ua ke yog tsim los ntawm kev sib cais thiab kev sib hloov ntawm cov ntshav them ntshav. Hauv kev tsim khoom, sib nqus ntawm cov hlau nplaum tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev npaj cov chev solenoid lossis ruaj khov hlau nplaum. Cov qauv sib nqus macroscopic txhua yam ua raws li cov kev cai lij choj hluav taws xob ntawm Maxwell cov equations.
Dab tsi yog qhov sib nqus?
Muaj qhov pom tsis pom tab sis lub zog tiag tiag zais hauv ntiaj teb ib puag ncig peb-ua kom muaj lub zog taw qhia sai sai, thiab muaj hluav taws xob lub neej hauv ntiaj teb los ntawm cosmic hluav taws xob. Lub zog no tej yam yees siv yog los ntawm kev sib nqus.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Kev Sib Nqus Teb
Ib daim teb sib nqus yog ib daim teb loj tshwj xeeb uas muaj nyob ib ncig ntawm cov hlau nplaum lossis tsim tawm thaum muaj hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv los ntawm tus neeg xyuas tsheb. Nws tuaj yeem siv zog quab yuam ntawm lwm cov hlau nplaum lossis txav hluav taws xob cov nqi.
Cov Khoom Yooj Yim ntawm Cov Ntawv Sib Nraus
1. Cov nyhuv muaj zog rau cov hlau nplaum thiab hluav taws xob tsiv tsev
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib nqus yog tias nws tuaj yeem siv zog quab yuam. Ob lub hlau nplaum yuav nyiam lossis tsim ib leeg thaum lawv nyob ze ua ke, lub zog thauj khoom tam sim no yuav ua raws li cov hlau sib nqus, thiab cov tshuab hluav taws xob thiab cov tshuab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm ntawm lub ntsiab cai no.
2. Kev Kawm Rau NtawmMAgnictField
Cov teb sib nqus yog cov taw qhia thiab feem ntau tau piav los ntawm kev sib nqus kab flux. Kev ntsuas kev sib nqus ntawm cov hlau sib nqus qhia cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov hlau nplaum ntawm qhov sib nqus ntawm cov kab sib nqus ntawm lub zog ntawm lub zog ntawm cov sib nqus. Lub sib nqus flux kab ntawm bar hlau nplaum pib los ntawm n ncej thiab rov qab mus rau tus ncej.
3. SuperPosition ntawmMAgnictFields
Yog tias muaj ntau cov chaw sib nqus cov chaw nyob hauv qhov chaw, cov liaj sib sib zog uas lawv tsim yuav superimpose ib leeg los ua ke los ua ke los ua ke los ua ke los tsim kev sib xyaw ua ke. Cov cuab yeej no tso cai rau peb los xam cov kev faib tawm sib nqus ntawm cov txheej txheem sib nqus ntawm complex electromagnetic.
Yuav ua li cas muaj hlau nplaum field generated?
Lub sijhawm ntawm cov teb sib nqus yog qhov tshwm sim tseem ceeb hauv physics hauv physics, uas yog ze ze rau kev txav ntawm hluav taws xob tsub. Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub tshav sib nqus tuaj yeem raug taug qab mus rau kev txav mus los ntawm hluav taws xob tsub. Txawm hais tias nws yog qhov kev txav ntawm me me los yog qhov txaus ntawm macroscopic tam sim no, nws tuaj yeem txhawb kev sib nqus.
Hluav Taws Xob Tam Sim No Tsim Daim Duab Sib Nqus Sib Nqus
Hlau Daim teb ntawm txoj kab tam sim no: Ib daim teb sib nqus yog tsim los ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib tam sim no. Nws cov kev taw qhia ua raws txoj cai sab xis-tes. Cov kab sib nqus ntawm cov quab yuam yog cov voj voog uas muaj lub voj voog. Qhov ze dua rau tus neeg xyuas pib, lub zog muaj zog dua qub. Qhov kev siv mis yog b {{2} πlh {3}} Kuv.
Ib qho sib nqusteb ntawm ncig ncig tam sim no: Zoo ib yam li aBar Magnet, lub hauv paus Axis Axis Sib Nqus Field yog raws Axis kev taw qhia, thiab kev sib zog tuaj yeem daws tau cov kab ke biot-savart, uas feem ntau siv rau hluav taws xob nqaj tsom.
Sib nqus teb ntawm solenoid tam sim no: Thaum lub solenoid yog energized, lub teb sib nqus nyob hauv muaj zog thiab hnav khaub ncaws, thiab cov kev taw qhia yog raws Axis. The strength formula is B{{0}}μ0nI. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv electromagnets thiab lwm yam khoom siv kom nyiam cov ntaub ntawv ferrigagnetic los tswj cov khoom siv neeg siv cov khoom siv.
Cov ntaub ntawv sib nqus tsim tsim cov liaj sib nqus
Lub ntujmAgnictmAterials:Lub ntiaj teb yog lub hlau nplaum loj heev, thiab nws cov lus sib nqus yog yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom ua kua sab hauv tam sim no, uas yog kev tiv thaiv Cosmic rays. Magnetite yog lub ntuj sib nqus cov khoom siv nrog spontaneous magnetization tshwm sim, uas tau siv rau cov kev taw qhia kev taw qhia hauv lub sijhawm puag thaum ub.
CuavmAgnictmAterials: Cov hlau nplaum tas li xws liNeodymium Hlau Boron Hlau nplaum, uas yog tsim los ntawm kev kub siab thiab lwm cov txheej txheem los kho lub sijhawm sib nqus thiab tsim cov khoom siv sib nqus ruaj khov.
Hloov cov hluav taws xob fields tsim cov hlau sib nqus
Maxwell-Faraday'slAW:Qhov hloov pauv ntawm kev sib nqus flux nyob rau hauv ib qho kaw Circuit Court tsim kev ua rau hauv hluav taws xob quab yuam thiab tam sim no. Lub transformer siv txoj kev hloov pauv tam sim no los tsim kev hloov sib xyaw sib nqus, thiab tam sim no kom ua tiav Voltage conversion.
Hais tawm ntawmeLectromageticwAves: Hluav taws xob tsis tau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lub sijhawm-sib xyaw ua ke hluav taws xob thiab sib nqus, thiab sib nqus hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev ntawm qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb. Xov tooj cua vuag yog tsim los ntawm kev hloov pauv sai tam sim no hauv cov kav hlau txais xov, sib pauv chaw hloov hluav taws xob thiab sib xyaw thiab nthuav tawm rau cov chaw deb.
Yuav ua li cas peb ntsuas cov duab sib nqus?
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los ntsuas cov hlau nplaum teb. Hauv qab no yog cov kev ntsuas sib nqus
Siv lub thawv loj
Lub tshuab loj hluav taws xob yog ib qho ntsuas ntsuas tshwj xeeb siv los ntsuas kev sib nqus teb lub zog. Nws kuaj pom cov nyhuv ntawm daim teb sib nqus ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas lub zog lossis semiconductor, thiab yog li suav cov kev sib nqus lus muaj zog. Qhov ntsuas yog yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm thiab muaj kev ntsuas siab qhov tseeb.
Kev Siv Cov Khoom Siv Flux
Cov fluxmeter yog raws li Faraday txoj cai ntawm electromagnetic induction. Nws indirectly ntsuas lub sib nqus flux los ntawm kev kuaj pom lub indencal quab yuam ntawm cov kauj, thiab tom qab ntawd txiav txim siab cov khoom sib nqus sib nqus. Nws yog feem ntau siv los ntsuas kev sib xyaw ntawm cov sib nqus ntawm daim teb, ntes cov yam ntxwv sib nqus lus, thiab kawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib nqus.
Hauv hluav taws xobBtxiv hmab txiv ntooDntxiv tshuajMEthod (Suitable rauSlub ncovEnvirmirationsSuch liLaboratories)
Electron nqaj deflect yog lub siab-precision sib nqus xov cov qauv hauv chav kuaj. Nws lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog siv lub lorentz quab yuam ntawm daim teb sib nqus ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob kom deflect cov nqaj hluav taws xob. Lub zog sib nqus yog xam los ntawm ntsuas qhov deflection kaum sab xis thiab cov npe hu ua hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.
AbtsisYogQhov xwm txheej uas cuam tshuam rau kev sib nqus?
Qhov cuam tshuam uas cuam tshuam rau thaj chaw sib nqus feem ntau suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
Cov Ntsiab Lus Tam Sim No
Qhov ntau ntawm cov tam sim no yog sib xws li muaj zog rau lub zog ntawm kev sib nqus. Thaum cov tam sim no nyob rau hauv solenoid nce, lub sib nraus sib xyaw thiab adsorption muaj peev xwm nce. Thaum cov kev qhia hloov tam sim no, cov kev coj ntawm lub sib nqus teb kuj hloov pauv, uas tuaj yeem hloov cov kev taw qhia ntawm hluav taws xob ncej. Txoj kev txoj kev tam sim no cuam tshuam rau kev faib tawm ntawm cov chaw sib nqus. Ncaj qha tam sim no ua rau muaj cov sib nqus Magnitic sib nqus, thiab ncig cov khoom lag luam tam sim no ua rau muaj kev sib nqus raws lub axis ntawm lub axis. Nws lub zog yog cuam tshuam nrog qhov tam sim no thiab lub vojvoog.
Sib Nqus Cov Ntaub Ntawv
Hom, cov qauv, thiab qib ntawm cov hlauetization ntawm cov khoom sib nqus yuav cuam tshuam lawv cov yam ntxwv sib nqus. Cov ntaub ntawv sib nqus sib nqus tau yooj yim rau cov hlau nplaum thiab demagnetize, thiab feem ntau siv hauv kev hloov pauv; Cov khoom sib nqus sib nqus muaj kev sib tw siab thiab yog qhov nyuaj rau demagnetize, thiab feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv cov hlau nplaum tas mus li. Cov duab ntawm cov khoom yuav tseem cuam tshuam rau kev faib tawm ntawm daim teb sib nqus. Cov hlau nplaum sib nqus ntawm cov hlau nplaum sib nqus yog feeb txog ob qho kawg, thaum lub nplhaib sib nqus ntawm lub nplhaib hlau nplaum tau faib sab hauv thiab sab nraud. Qhov siab dua qib ntawm Magnetization, ntau dua cov sib nqus teb lub zog. Lub zog sib nqus lub zog tuaj yeem hloov kho los ntawm kev hloov tus naj npawb ntawm lem thiab tam sim no ntawm hluav taws xob chil kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau sib txawv.
Lwm Yam Khoom
Qhov kub tau nce yuav ua rau cov khoom sib nqus, thiab cov hlau nplaum tas mus li yuav poob cov magnetism ntawm qhov kub. Cov sib nqus sab nraud yuav cuam tshuam nrog daim teb sib nqus qub, ua kom nws zoo tib yam thiab txo qis nws hauv kev coj rov qab. Electromagnetic tiv thaiv tshuab siv lub ntsiab cai no. Kev ntxhov siab kev ntxhov siab kuj tseem tuaj yeem hloov cov xov tooj sib nqus ntawm cov khoom sib nqus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib nqus.
Yuav ua li cas peb pom cov zog hauv cov khoom sib nqus?
Lub tshav sib nqus yog ib qho pom tsis pom kev uas pom tau uas muaj nyob ib puag ncig cov hlau nplaum thiab cov neeg coj uas nqa hluav taws xob. Txawm hais tias peb tsis tuaj yeem pom lub pob sib nqus ncaj qha nrog peb lub qhov muag uas ntse, peb tuaj yeem ua ncaj ncees "pom" lub zog hauv kev sib nqus thiab tshawb ntawm nws txoj cai.
Siv cov hlau nplaum thiab cov ntawv filings (kev pom sib nqus
Sib nqus teb cov kab yog ib qho kev faib tawm cov chaw sib nqus thiab tuaj yeem ua rau pom kev taw qhia thiab lub zog ntawm cov sib nqus. Thaum cov ntawv foob hlau tau tawg ncig ntawm cov hlau nplaum bar Cov ntawv Filings Hlau yog qhov chaw nyob ze ntawm cov hlau sib nqus, thiab cov ntawv sib nqus yog muaj zog, thaum cov hlau filings yog sib txawv hauv thaj chaw nruab nrab, thiab sib nqus tsis muaj zog. Qhov kev tshwm sim no tau qhia txog kev faib tawm txoj cai lij choj ntawm kev sib nqus.
Soj ntsuam cov kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlau nplaum
Lub zog ntawm cov hlau nplaum yog manifested raws li tus ncej uas zoo li tus ncej nyiam ua kom txhua lwm yam, thiab qhov ntau ntawm lub zog nce ntxiv raws li qhov kev ncua deb. Los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav dynamometer, nws tuaj yeem pom tias kev nyeem nce ntxiv thaum zoo li tus ncej sib sau ua ke, thiab kev nyeem ntawv txo thaum tus ncej tsis zoo nyob ua ke. Lub zog sib nqus yog ib qho vector, thiab nws cov kev taw qhia yog raws kab txuas cov ncej. Qhov ntau ntawm nyob ntawm lub zog ntawm lub magnetism thiab qhov kev ncua deb.
Siv kev txav ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no hauv kev sib nqus
Thaum muaj hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog nyob rau hauv daim teb sib nqus, nws tau ua raws li cov quab yuam ampericular, uas yog sib tshuam rau cov kev taw qhia tam sim no thiab tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ntawm txoj cai ntawm txoj cai. Qhov ntau ntawm ampere quab yuam yog proportional rau tam sim no, lub zog ntawm kev sib nqus, thiab qhov ntev ntawm cov hlau. Kev siv lub ntsiab cai no, cov khoom siv xws li ua kom muaj peev xwm hloov kho kom hloov lub zog hluav taws xob hauv lub zog hluav taws xob.
Siv cov ntawv thov ntawm cov hlau nplaum
Hauv hluav taws xob kev lag luam:Cov tshuab hluav taws xob thiab cov hloov pauv siv cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib txuas lus hauv hluav taws xob ntawm hluav taws xob kev sib hloov ntawm hluav taws xob lub zog thiab tshuab hluav taws xob.
Ntawm kev kho mobfield:Kev sib nqus Revonance tsom (MRI) siv cov liaj ua muaj zog sib nqus kom tau cov ntsiab lus high ntawm tib neeg lub cev sab hauv, ua rau nws yog qhov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev kuaj mob.
Hauvterms ntawmtTxoj Kev Them Nqi:Cov tsheb ciav hlau maglev cia siab rau lub zog uas tsis tseem ceeb tsim los ntawm daim teb sib nqus kom ua tiav kev tiv thaiv qib siab, zoo heev txo kev sib txhuam kev sib txhuam.
Lub ntsiab
Raws li ib qho ntawm cov tub rog tseem ceeb ntawm cov xwm, kev sib nqus sib nraus ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb los ntawm cov me me rau ntawm cov cosmic nplai. Nkag siab cov lus sib nqus tsis tsuas yog pab peb paub cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov duab kev tshawb fawb thiab cov ntaub ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv siv thev naus laus zis, thiab lwm daim teb yuav dav.